![]() ![]() Inside this membrane is the synovial fluid which acts as lubricant agent between the corresponding joint. This helps the movement to be smooth and flexible by re-adjusting its shape according to the friction of the bones. The surface of the synovium is flat which is cover by finger-like projections called villi. The inner layer called Intima which consists of sheets of cells thinner than a paper.The outer layer called subitima which is a fibrous connective tissue.The Synovial Membrane is generally made up of two layers mentioned below. Bursae are located near the synovial joint where it facilitates the smooth movement between subcutaneous tissue and bone, or between two tendons. The synovium line the bursae, tendon sheaths, and joints. What is the Structure of Synovial Membrane? Also, the synovium stays in direct contact with the synovium fluid which has multiple purposes to serve for the bone joint. This membrane surrounds the bone joint and the sheath of the tendon to provide protection and stimulation. Also, these are non-fixed cells with antigens present in them. Located in the deep layers which generate long-chain sugar polymer called hyaluronan which makes the synovial fibrous which lubricates the joint surfaces. Type B: These are derived from the fibroblast cells. It eliminates undesirable elements from the fluid and comprises of the 20% of the cell lining in the synovium.Ģ. ![]() Type A: These are derived from macrophages synovial cells, which acts as the cleansing agent in the synovial fluid. There is a presence of intimal cells in the membrane which are sub-categorized into two types:ġ. These membranes are responsible for mediating the nutrient exchange between bone joint fluid and blood, found in synovial joints only. The synovial membrane commonly termed as synovium or stratum synovial is a soft tissue lining which is very thin in the structure which acts as vascular connective tissue between two bones. (People Also Like To Read: Is There Any Relation Between Knee Pain and Depression ) For an exact understanding of the mechanism of arthritis, we need to establish the morphological background of synoviocytes as well as their functions under normal conditions.Synovial membrane helps in the smooth movement of synovial joints of the body, whether it be the ball and socket joint or the hinge joint or the pivot joint, this membrane has unexpected and distinctive tasks to do, read below to learn more. The synoviocytes, which form a discontinuous cell layer, develop both fragmented basement membranes around the cells and junctional apparatus such as desmosomes and gap junctions. In some mammals, type B cells show features suggesting endocrine and sensory functions, but these are not recognized in other species. The proliferative potentials of type B cells in loco are much higher than type A cells, although the transformation of subintimal fibroblasts into type B cells can not be excluded. The type B cells, which are proper synoviocytes, are involved in production of specialized matrix constituents including hyaluronan, collagens and fibronectin for the intimal interstitium and synovial fluid. Their complex three-dimensional architecture was first revealed by our recent scanning electron microscopy of macerated samples. Type B synoviocytes are characterized by the rich existence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dendritic processes which form a regular network in the luminal surface of the synovial membrane. ![]() These type A cells, derived from blood-borne mononuclear cells, can be considered resident macrophages (tissue macrophages) like hepatic Kupffer cells. ![]() Type A synoviocytes are non-fixed cells that can phagocytose actively cell debris and wastes in the joint cavity, and possess an antigen-presenting ability. Two types of synoviocytes, macrophagic cells (type A cells) and fibroblast-like cells (type B cells) have been identified. The synovial intimal cells, termed synoviocytes, are believed to be responsible for the production of synovial fluid components, for absorption from the joint cavity, and for blood/synovial fluid exchanges, but their detailed structure and function as well as pathological changes remain unclear. The joint capsule exhibits a unique cellular lining in the luminal surface of the synovial membrane. ![]()
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